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Monday, October 26, 2020

रायगढ़ के विज्ञान परिदृश्य में नये भौतिक शून्य (रिक्तता) का उत्पन्न होना...जिसके सापेक्ष कोई नहीं...

आर. एस. प्रसाद सर का जाना रायगढ़ के शिक्षा जगत की ऐसी क्षति है, जिसकी प्रतिपूर्ती (शायद) कभी न हो पाएगी…..

साभार: जनकर्म समाचार पत्र (संदर्भ हेतु प्रयुक्त) 

“ऊर्जा ना कभी उत्पन्न होती है न कभी नष्ट होती है,
वह सिर्फ अपना रूप बदलती है"

[ऊर्जा संरक्षण का सिद्धांत]

“कोई पिण्ड यदि स्थिर है तो तब तक स्थिर रहता है
या गतिमान है तो तब तक गतिमान रहेगा
जब तक उस पर बाह्य बल न लगे।"

[न्यूटन का गति का पहला नियम]

आदरणीय आर. एस. प्रसाद सर को मैं सन् 1996 से जानता था। जब पहली बार मैंने नटवर स्कूल में दाखिला लिया था। उसके पहले कभी किसी स्कूली आयोजन में देखा हो तो मुझे याद नहीं। उनकी पहली बार ली गई क्लास से लेकर कुछ महिने पहले हुई बातचीत तक हमेशा एक अपनेपन का एहसास बना रहा, अब उन्हीं एहसास के सहारे ही बाकी का सारा जीवन कटेगा। मेरे अंदर के वैज्ञानिक को जिन्दा रखने और विज्ञान के लिए तड़प को बनाए रखने में प्रसाद सर का बहुत योगदान है। जब मैंने इस विज्ञान क्लब को शुरू किया था तब वह पहले ही दिन से हमारे सलाहकार व संरक्षक के रूप में सक्रिय थे। एक व्यस्त शिक्षक और शासकीय कर्मचारी होने के बावजूद हमें जहाँ भी उनकी जरूरत होती थी वह बिना किसी शर्त समय से पहुँच जाते थे। भौतिक विज्ञान का उनसे बेहतर शिक्षक मैंने अपने जीवन में नहीं देखा। महाविद्यालय स्तर में भी उनके जैसा प्रतिबद्ध शिक्षक कभी नहीं मिला। उन्हें क्रिकेट बहुत पसंद था वह न सिर्फ अच्छे खिलाड़ी थे बल्कि क्रिकेट के खेल को एक वैज्ञानिक की तरह एनालिसिस कर समझा सकने का सामर्थ्य भी रखते थे। उनके छात्रों को गति के नियम आज भी क्रिकेट की भाषा में ही याद है। उनका यह अंदाज-ए-बयां उनके छात्रों को मंत्र-मुग्ध करके रखता था। मुझे आज भी याद है 1997 में दूरदर्शन में शाम 4 बजे अलादीन सिरियल आता था जिसे देखने बच्चे स्कूल से लंच के बाद भाग जाते थे लेकिन प्रसाद सर की क्लास सेकेंड हाफ में होने से हमारे क्लास के इक्का दुक्का (जिन्होंने भविष्य में हर तरह की पढ़ाई छोड़ दी) को छोड़कर लगभग सभी (मैथ्स व बायो) के छात्र उपस्थित रहते थे।
        दरअसल प्रसाद सर ने एक तरह का प्रतिमान (स्टैंडर्ड) स्थापित कर दिया है शिक्षकों के लिए। अब शायद उन जैसा कोई शायद ही बन पाए लेकिन आदर्श का पीछा करके ही बेहतर बना जा सकता है।उनसे दो माह पहले जब आखरी बार बात हुई तब उनसे टेलिस्कोप के बारे में ही चर्चा हुई थी कि कौन सा माडल लेना सही रहेगा।वह मेरे बौद्धिक परिवार का अभिन्न हिस्सा थे और जीवन भर रहेंगे।
         {कोविड-19 नामक इस महामारी के नियंत्रण में आने तक पता नहीं कितने लोग आखिर में बचे रहेंगे। लेकिन मेरा सवाल वैज्ञानिक समुदाय, सरकार, चिकित्सक सभी से है कि आखिर यह बेबसी खत्म होगी या नहीं। कम से कम जो वास्तविक स्थिति है वैज्ञानिक शब्दों में उसे पूरी पारदर्शी तरीके से सार्वजनिक मंचों पर रखा जाए जिससे लोग उसे देख, समझ पाए क्योंकि यही गति रही तो अंत में जब कोई बचेगा ही नहीं तो जिसे गोपनीय कहके छिपाया जा रहा है वह किसके काम आएगा। और वैज्ञानिक भाषा लोग समझ नहीं पाएंगे यह तर्क देकर ज्ञान/तथ्य को ढकने से समाज/दुनिया अंधे कुँए में ही जाएगी।} 
[ ऊपर जो फोटो प्रयोग किए गए हैं उस जमाने के हैं जब मेरे पास कोई कैमरा नहीं था ये उस दौर के मोबाइल इत्यादि से लिये गये तस्वीर हैं, गुणवत्ता के लिये क्षमा प्रार्थी हूँ।]

Friday, March 13, 2020

Virus, Corona Virus COVID-19......

[Disclaimer: This article is just for general discussion on Corona and viruses. If any student reach here by any way s/he might got some study or research points from where s/he can go further. No idea should be taken as expert advise. In case of infection or suspicion go to nearest HOSPITAL or Health Centre. And consult your Doctor.(if s/he helps)(because some hospitals are denying normal patients for other ailments then covid-19, this is bigger problem)]
this article will be updated with more relevant information and correction.

Virus; this term is notorious and ferocious due to computer viruses. But the interesting fact is computer virus has got its name from human pathogenic viruses and their modus operandi. Viruses have their own branch of study called Virology. 

The below information is copied from wikipedia, where you can find a great deal of information. I used this section of structure just to understand and explain the interesting thing regarding it. 
Structure


A simplified diagram of the structure of a virus

A virus particle, also known as a virion, consists of genes made from DNA or RNA which are surrounded by a protective coat of protein called a capsid.[21] The capsid is made of many smaller, identical protein molecules which are called capsomers. The arrangement of the capsomers can either be icosahedral (20-sided), helical or more complex. There is an inner shell around the DNA or RNA called the nucleocapsid, which is formed by proteins. Some viruses are surrounded by a bubble of lipid (fat) called an envelope
[these links will take you to Wikipedia page] 

The outer cover which is made up of lipids many times, that is destructible by soap and in this way the virus body or structure breaks and thus unable to bring the pathos to human with severity. 

Things to remember, when we clean any surface with soap solution and some Phenyl the bacteria and other microbs also destroyed which may carry viruses. 
Virus mutates very fast therefore in India it will spread fast as people here spit anywhere with their DNA in them so the virus can mutated with great variety. So medical and scientific solutions are really take time to get an answer to solve the problem.
Latest news coming in 
Autopsy of covid-19 patients deadbody. 
Just read in CNN online news on July 10, 2020 a report by Ralph Ellis and Andrea Kane, CNN titled

"Pathologist found blood clots in 'almost every organ' during autopsies on Covid-19 patients" 

Where they quote Dr. Amy Rapkiewicz, the chairman of the department of pathology at NYU Langone Medical Center, spoke to Erin Burnett on OutFront Thursday night. 
She said-
"What we saw at autopsy was sort of an extension of that,"
"The clotting was not only in the large vessels but also in the smaller vessels.
"And this was dramatic, because though we might have expected it in the lungs, we found it in almost every organ that we looked at in our autopsy study,"
"We found them in the heart and the kidneys and the liver and other organs," she said. "Notably in the heart, megakaryocytes produce something called platelets that are intimately involved in blood clotting." 
Here for my interest of point in megakaryocytes.  A megakaryocyte (mega+ karyo+cyte=large-nucleus-cell") is a large bone marrow cell with a lobated nucleus responsible for the production of blood thrombocytes (platelets), which are necessary for normal blood clotting.

If you really want to know the current status and the details of COVID-19 then you have to go to WHO site. don't believe on rumours they won't help you. In India from goumutra (cow pee) to garlic so many cures these rumours are providing that the virus itself can confuse what I am for.  

FAQ on COVID-19 [this link will take you to WHO  QnA page ]

Friday, February 28, 2020

Press release: The Prize in Economic Sciences 2019

Press release: The Prize in Economic Sciences 2019

English
Logo
14 October 2019
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2019 to
Abhijit Banerjee
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA

Esther Duflo
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA

Michael Kremer
Harvard University, Cambridge, USA

“for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty”

Their research is helping us fight poverty

The research conducted by this year’s Laureates has considerably improved our ability to fight global poverty. In just two decades, their new experiment-based approach has transformed development economics, which is now a flourishing field of research.
Despite recent dramatic improvements, one of humanity’s most urgent issues is the reduction of global poverty, in all its forms. More than 700 million people still subsist on extremely low incomes. Every year, around five million children under the age of five still die of diseases that could often have been prevented or cured with inexpensive treatments. Half of the world’s children still leave school without basic literacy and numeracy skills.
This year’s Laureates have introduced a new approach to obtaining reliable answers about the best ways to fight global poverty. In brief, it involves dividing this issue into smaller, more manageable, questions – for example, the most effective interventions for improving educational outcomes or child health. They have shown that these smaller, more precise, questions are often best answered via carefully designed experiments among the people who are most affected.
In the mid-1990s, Michael Kremer and his colleagues demonstrated how powerful this approach can be, using field experiments to test a range of interventions that could improve school results in western Kenya.
Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo, often with Michael Kremer, soon performed similar studies of other issues and in other countries. Their experimental research methods now entirely dominate development economics.
The Laureates’ research findings – and those of the researchers following in their footsteps – have dramatically improved our ability to fight poverty in practice. As a direct result of one of their studies, more than five million Indian children have benefitted from effective programmes of remedial tutoring in schools. Another example is the heavy subsidies for preventive healthcare that have been introduced in many countries.
These are just two examples of how this new research has already helped to alleviate global poverty. It also has great potential to further improve the lives of the worst-off people around the world.

Illustrations

The illustrations are free to use for non-commercial purposes. Attribute ”© Johan Jarnestad/The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences”

Read more about this year’s prize



Abhijit Banerjee, born 1961 in Mumbai, India. Ph.D. 1988 from Harvard University, Cambridge, USA. Ford Foundation International Professor of Economics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.
Esther Duflo, born 1972 in Paris, France. Ph.D. 1999 from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA. Abdul Latif Jameel Professor of Poverty Alleviation and Development Economics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.
Michael Kremer, born 1964 in New York, USA. Ph.D. 1992 from Harvard University, Cambridge, USA. Gates Professor of Developing Societies at Harvard University, Cambridge, USA.

The Prize amount: 9 million Swedish krona, to be shared equally between the Laureates
Further information: http://www.kva.se and http://www.nobelprize.org
Press contact: Eva Nevelius, Press Secretary, +46 8 673 95 44, +46 70 878 67 63, eva.nevelius@kva.se
Experts: Jakob Svensson, +46 70 177 67 17, jakob.svensson@iies.su.se, Torsten Persson, +46 79 313 39 04, torsten.persson@iies.su.se, members of the Committee for the Prize in Economic Sciences in memory of Alfred Nobel


The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, founded in 1739, is an independent organisation whose overall objective is to promote the sciences and strengthen their influence in society. The Academy takes special responsibility for the natural sciences and mathematics, but endeavours to promote the exchange of ideas between various disciplines.
Nobel Prize® is a registered trademark of the Nobel Foundation.
To cite this section
MLA style: Press release: The Prize in Economic Sciences 2019. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2020. Fri. 28 Feb 2020.

The Nobel Peace Prize for 2019


The Nobel Peace Prize for 2019


English


Announcement

The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the Nobel Peace Prize for 2019 to Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed Ali for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation, and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea. The prize is also meant to recognise all the stakeholders working for peace and reconciliation in Ethiopia and in the East and Northeast African regions.
When Abiy Ahmed became Prime Minister in April 2018, he made it clear that he wished to resume peace talks with Eritrea. In close cooperation with Isaias Afwerki, the President of Eritrea, Abiy Ahmed quickly worked out the principles of a peace agreement to end the long “no peace, no war” stalemate between the two countries. These principles are set out in the declarations that Prime Minister Abiy and President Afwerki signed in Asmara and Jeddah last July and September. An important premise for the breakthrough was Abiy Ahmed’s unconditional willingness to accept the arbitration ruling of an international boundary commission in 2002.
Peace does not arise from the actions of one party alone. When Prime Minister Abiy reached out his hand, President Afwerki grasped it, and helped to formalise the peace process between the two countries. The Norwegian Nobel Committee hopes the peace agreement will help to bring about positive change for the entire populations of Ethiopia and Eritrea.
In Ethiopia, even if much work remains, Abiy Ahmed has initiated important reforms that give many citizens hope for a better life and a brighter future. He spent his first 100 days as Prime Minister lifting the country’s state of emergency, granting amnesty to thousands of political prisoners, discontinuing media censorship, legalising outlawed opposition groups, dismissing military and civilian leaders who were suspected of corruption, and significantly increasing the influence of women in Ethiopian political and community life. He has also pledged to strengthen democracy by holding free and fair elections.
In the wake of the peace process with Eritrea, Prime Minister Abiy has engaged in other peace and reconciliation processes in East and Northeast Africa. In September 2018 he and his government contributed actively to the normalisation of diplomatic relations between Eritrea and Djibouti after many years of political hostility. Additionally, Abiy Ahmed has sought to mediate between Kenya and Somalia in their protracted conflict over rights to a disputed marine area. There is now hope for a resolution to this conflict. In Sudan, the military regime and the opposition have returned to the negotiating table. On the 17th of August, they released a joint draft of a new constitution intended to secure a peaceful transition to civil rule in the country. Prime Minister Abiy played a key role in the process that led to the agreement.
Ethiopia is a country of many different languages and peoples. Lately, old ethnic rivalries have flared up. According to international observers, up to three million Ethiopians may be internally displaced. That is in addition to the million or so refugees and asylum seekers from neighbouring countries. As Prime Minister, Abiy Ahmed has sought to promote reconciliation, solidarity and social justice. However, many challenges remain unresolved. Ethnic strife continues to escalate, and we have seen troubling examples of this in recent weeks and months. No doubt some people will think this year’s prize is being awarded too early. The Norwegian Nobel Committee believes it is now that Abiy Ahmed’s efforts deserve recognition and need encouragement.
The Norwegian Nobel Committee hopes that the Nobel Peace Prize will strengthen Prime Minister Abiy in his important work for peace and reconciliation. Ethiopia is Africa’s second most populous country and has East Africa’s largest economy. A peaceful, stable and successful Ethiopia will have many positive side-effects, and will help to strengthen fraternity among nations and peoples in the region. With the provisions of Alfred Nobel’s will firmly in mind, the Norwegian Nobel Committee sees Abiy Ahmed as the person who in the preceding year has done the most to deserve the Nobel Peace Prize for 2019.
Oslo, 11 October 2019

To cite this section
MLA style: The Nobel Peace Prize for 2019. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2020. Fri. 28 Feb 2020.

Nobel Prize in Literature 2019

Nobel Prize in Literature 2018

Olga Tokarczuk

The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2018 is awarded to the Polish author Olga Tokarczuk "for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life." 


Nobel Prize in Literature 2019

Peter Handke

The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2019 is awarded to the Austrian author Peter Handke "for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience."