The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017
Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, Richard Henderson 

Press Release: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017

4 October 2017

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017 to

Jacques Dubochet
University of Lausanne, Switzerland

Joachim Frank
Columbia University, New York, USA

and

Richard Henderson
MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK

"for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution"

Cool microscope technology revolutionises biochemistry

We may soon have detailed images of life’s complex machineries in atomic resolution. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017 is awarded to Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank and Richard Henderson for the development of cryo-electron microscopy, which both simplifies and improves the imaging of biomolecules. This method has moved biochemistry into a new era.

A picture is a key to understanding. Scientific breakthroughs often build upon the successful visualisation of objects invisible to the human eye. However, biochemical maps have long been filled with blank spaces because the available technology has had difficulty generating images of much of life’s molecular machinery. Cryo-electron microscopy changes all of this. Researchers can now freeze biomolecules mid-movement and visualise processes they have never previously seen, which is decisive for both the basic understanding of life’s chemistry and for the development of pharmaceuticals.

Electron microscopes were long believed to only be suitable for imaging dead matter, because the powerful electron beam destroys biological material. But in 1990, Richard Henderson succeeded in using an electron microscope to generate a three-dimensional image of a protein at atomic resolution. This breakthrough proved the technology’s potential.

Joachim Frank made the technology generally applicable. Between 1975 and 1986 he developed an image processing method in which the electron microscope’s fuzzy twodimensional images are analysed and merged to reveal a sharp three-dimensional structure.

Jacques Dubochet added water to electron microscopy. Liquid water evaporates in the electron microscope’s vacuum, which makes the biomolecules collapse. In the early 1980s, Dubochet succeeded in vitrifying water – he cooled water so rapidly that it solidified in its liquid form around a biological sample, allowing the biomolecules to retain their natural shape even in a vacuum.

Following these discoveries, the electron microscope’s every nut and bolt have been optimised. The desired atomic resolution was reached in 2013, and researchers can now routinely produce three-dimensional structures of biomolecules. In the past few years, scientific literature has been filled with images of everything from proteins that cause antibiotic resistance, to the surface of the Zika virus. Biochemistry is now facing an explosive development and is all set for an exciting future.

Read more about this year's prize

Popular Information
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Scientific Background
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Image - 3D structures (pdf 1.4 MB)
© Johan Jarnestad/The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

Image - Blobology (pdf 8.5 MB)
© Martin Högbom/The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

Image - Dubochet's preparation method (948 kB)
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Image - Frank's image analysis (pdf 1 MB)
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Jacques Dubochet, born 1942 in Aigle, Switzerland. Ph.D. 1973, University of Geneva and University of Basel, Switzerland. Honorary Professor of Biophysics, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
www.unil.ch/dee/en/home/menuinst/people/honorary-professors/prof-jacques-dubochet.html

Joachim Frank, born 1940 in Siegen, Germany. Ph.D. 1970, Technical University of Munich, Germany. Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics and of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, USA.
http://franklab.cpmc.columbia.edu/franklab/

Richard Henderson, born 1945 in Edinburgh, Scotland. Ph.D. 1969, Cambridge University, UK. Programme Leader, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/groups/rh15/

Prize amount: 9 million Swedish krona, to be shared equally between the Laureates.
Further information: www.kva.se and http://nobelprize.org
Press contact: Jessica Balksjö Nannini, Press Officer, phone +46 8 673 95 44, +46 70 673 96 50, jessica.balksjo@kva.se
Expert: Peter Brzezinski, member of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry, Phone +46 70-609 26 42, peterb@dbb.su.se

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, founded in 1739, is an independent organisation whose overall objective is to promote the sciences and strengthen their influence in society. The Academy takes special responsibility for the natural sciences and mathematics, but endeavours to promote the exchange of ideas between various disciplines.

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The Nobel Prize in Physics 2017
Rainer Weiss, Barry C. Barish, Kip S. Thorne 

Press Release: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2017

3 October 2017

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Physics 2017 with one half to

Rainer Weiss 
LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration

and the other half jointly to

Barry C. Barish 
LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration

and

Kip S. Thorne
LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration

"for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves"

Gravitational waves finally captured

On 14 September 2015, the universe's gravitational waves were observed for the very first time. The waves, which were predicted by Albert Einstein a hundred years ago, came from a collision between two black holes. It took 1.3 billion years for the waves to arrive at the LIGO detector in the USA.

The signal was extremely weak when it reached Earth, but is already promising a revolution in astrophysics. Gravitational waves are an entirely new way of observing the most violent events in space and testing the limits of our knowledge.

LIGO, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, is a collaborative project with over one thousand researchers from more than twenty countries. Together, they have realised a vision that is almost fifty years old. The 2017 Nobel Laureates have, with their enthusiasm and determination, each been invaluable to the success of LIGO. Pioneers Rainer Weiss and Kip S. Thorne, together with Barry C. Barish, the scientist and leader who brought the project to completion, ensured that four decades of effort led to gravitational waves finally being observed.

In the mid-1970s, Rainer Weiss had already analysed possible sources of background noise that would disturb measurements, and had also designed a detector, a laser-based interferometer, which would overcome this noise. Early on, both Kip Thorne and Rainer Weiss were firmly convinced that gravitational waves could be detected and bring about a revolution in our knowledge of the universe.

Gravitational waves spread at the speed of light, filling the universe, as Albert Einstein described in his general theory of relativity. They are always created when a mass accelerates, like when an ice-skater pirouettes or a pair of black holes rotate around each other. Einstein was convinced it would never be possible to measure them. The LIGO project's achievement was using a pair of gigantic laser interferometers to measure a change thousands of times smaller than an atomic nucleus, as the gravitational wave passed the Earth.

So far all sorts of electromagnetic radiation and particles, such as cosmic rays or neutrinos, have been used to explore the universe. However, gravitational waves are direct testimony to disruptions in spacetime itself. This is something completely new and different, opening up unseen worlds. A wealth of discoveries awaits those who succeed in capturing the waves and interpreting their message.

Read more about this year's prize

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All illustrations: Copyright © Johan Jarnestad/The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

Rainer Weiss, born 1932 in Berlin, Germany. Ph.D. 1962 from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA. Professor of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
http://web.mit.edu/physics/people/faculty/weiss_rainer.html B

Barry C. Barish, born 1936 in Omaha, NE, USA. Ph.D. 1962 from University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Linde Professor of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
https://labcit.ligo.caltech.edu/~BCBAct/ K

Kip S. Thorne, born 1940 in Logan, UT, USA. Ph.D. 1965 from Princeton University, NJ, USA. Feynman Professor of Theoretical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
https://www.its.caltech.edu/~kip/index.html/

Blue whale Game is new challenge to our time

Most of the stories of blue whale game is now up in the air. I am only trying to analyse the consequences during the game and what is the mental/psychological journey of the victim.

THE MODUS OPERANDI 

This is very strange for me how some one specially children can reach to the Blue Whale game. Till now we only know some FACTS about this game- 

• This is not a game at all as you can't download it from playstore or open net as per the information we have till now. 
• The player/victim/teenager child got a LINK which leads her/him to a CHAT ROOM/FORUM/GROUPS where many participants are there. What they do there , Just Chat with others..???(really???)
• The admin of the game which is till now an anonymous person in that chat room is observing the chats of members. He just observe the weak one and start trying to indulge in bilateral dealings/chat. 
• And thus the Admin segregates the targets=children. The admin may be one or more.  
• From here the real trap starts. The Admin or the challenger starts inciting  the kid for some adventure and give her or him some kind of TASK in the form of challenge. [50 task/challenge over 50 days]
• The initial tasks are simple and the kid/victim has to upload the proof of task completed by taking the photo and uploading on his facebook account or some other social networking site in which S/he is a member. 
• In these tasks some are to watch horror movies or clips sent by admin, in ALONE. Go to graveyard alone. Listen sad/pathetic songs in odd times (specially in night) for long duration. Be alone most of the time so that there will be no deviation from the death path or the final task. By watching horror/scary movies for long hours the mind of kid become so obsessed with the death thing that the kid can't think the beauty of life at all. The victim is convinced to hide all these brave(?) task from others especially from parents.( this is instructed by the challenger/admin)
• IN one reported case one child was participating in the game and he distributed the challenge of harming self by carving by blade/sharp object on hand. Due to this more than 5 kids accepted the challenge and carved the objects on their hands. When police checked on their mobile no game link was there. They reveal the story during the investigation. Only one boy was involved in game, the good news is all are saved. (This is reported far flung area of Chhatisgarh in india where literacy rate is low and normal telecom network is even weak) 
• What is presently happening around the world is the secondary version of the game, that is run by death groups of Russia. 
• WHAT ARE DEATH GROUP- these are groups which propagate that life is useless, worthless, meaningless, and death is the only golden aim which we have to achieve BUT to the contrary the original group is not dying. They are creating death of new members who are teenagers. 

THE AIM OF THE ORIGINAL CREATOR OF THIS GAME 

As per wikipedia resources Blue Whale game began in Russia in 2013. Philipp Budeikin the creator of this death game had said after his conviction "his victims are BIOLOGICAL WASTE and he was CLEANSING the society." on some other occasion he said his victims had NO VALUES.  (BBC.co.uk report) Philipp was convicted in Nov 2016 in Russia for inciting for suicide of 16 teenage girls. He was known by his Web name FOX. He was related to "F57" (a Death group), This group was active on VK social networking (famous among Russians) site. There are many such groups are still active. 

Understanding  THE MOTIVE

NOW what are 'biological waste' and 'no values' meaning. The culprit had recognized the emptiness and hollowness in the life of young generation.  

 This is the moral/emotional vacuum created by technology specially internet. All the time inclination and indulgence on net and social networking sites. 
This selfie mania and publish that selfie on somewhere then to get more and more likes on it this has become a primary aim of life of current teenagers in our society. There had so many deaths occurred due to this selfie mania. Due to this we can see NO Selfie Zone posters on random places. 

Some symptoms of internet sickness

• One is active on social networking sites and having more than 4000 FRIENDs and become members of dozens of GROUPs and likes dozens of PAGES.... in most cases he hardly knows any of them personally. 
• BUT in real life he never have such active life had a few friends and she/he is a less social animal in real terms. 

HOW TO SAVE KIDS/JUVENILES/CHILDREN

• Observe the children  their abnormal behaviour, wounds on Hand and other body parts, his/her movements around graveyards, if they are alone on roof tops of building etc. 
• TALK to them politely, win their confidence, spend time with them, show them life is beautiful.
• Media either mainstream or alternate just do not glorify death of any kind, yes it is difficult but to save humanity it should be.
• Do not download any new social media app specially when you don't know about it. It may be famous in russia and in china but try to restrain your self from the whim of new things. 
• Be social in the real society, among the real people, talk to them, listen to them, spend time with them, be one among many, there is nothing wrong in it. 
• Try not to be ALONE at all, if you are alone read books, school books, dictionary work, atlas work anything but NO social networking on internet for some time. You can Do research work on your studies on net if necessary. 

WHY THIS OUTBURST NOW in INDIA

Internet is now almost free or so cheap that anyone can get it easily. It was 2016 when a company came and provided free and unlimited internet. And people in India gone mad and bought it or got it on what prize they will know in future. In competition others also offered cheap internet. The low price smart phone is also made available by market forces. The leaders of politics and business world are describing this as revolution in society. Yes it is but in what direction yet we don't know.  
The above statement may be only the negative sounding. 
But we have to decide "Who will rule Who".
Human will rule Technology OR Technology will rule Humanity...??

The EFFORTS by Governments 

for details of UNICEF document go to http://unicef.in/Uploads/Publications/Resources/pub_doc148.pdf 

The Google Doodle-2017 ...what a great story ...!!!

Happy Earth Day ...... And if you want to make this happiness forever please be aware for your surroundings. Please care for the mother earth and nourish it . This year google doodle is too  creative and the nightmare is not wrong ... Doodle story is happy ending but ours might be difficult.
If human fails to control the Greed of themselves then it is impossible for mother earth to heal herself.
Special thanks to Google for this Doodle....
Image courtesy : Google.
https://www.google.com/doodles/earth-day-2017

NOBEL PRIZES 2016

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016

© Trinity Hall, Cambridge University. Photo: Kiloran Howard

David J. Thouless

Prize share: 1/2

Photo: Princeton University, Comms. Office, D. Applewhite

F. Duncan M. Haldane

Prize share: 1/4

Ill: N. Elmehed. © Nobel Media 2016

J. Michael Kosterlitz

Prize share: 1/4

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016 was divided, one half awarded to David J. Thouless, the other half jointly to F. Duncan M. Haldane and J. Michael Kosterlitz "for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter".

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The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016

Ill: N. Elmehed. © Nobel Media 2016

Jean-Pierre Sauvage

Prize share: 1/3

Photo: Northwestern University

Sir J. Fraser Stoddart

Prize share: 1/3

Ill: N. Elmehed. © Nobel Media 2016

Bernard L. Feringa

Prize share: 1/3

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016 was awarded jointly to Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Sir J. Fraser Stoddart and Bernard L. Feringa "for the design and synthesis of molecular machines".

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The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2016

Photo: Mari Honda

Yoshinori Ohsumi

Prize share: 1/1

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2016 was awarded to Yoshinori Ohsumi "for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy".

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The Nobel Peace Prize 2016

Photo: Wilson Dias/ABr, CC BY 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons

Juan Manuel Santos

Prize share: 1/1

The Nobel Peace Prize 2016 was awarded to Juan Manuel Santos "for his resolute efforts to bring the country's more than 50-year-long civil war to an end". 

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